Discover the mystical world of Vishnu Sahasranamam and learn how this ancient Hindu devotional practice can lead to personal growth and spiritual transformation. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the history, significance, and practice of Vishnu Sahasranamam.
Vishnu Sahasranamam: A Path to Inner Peace and Spiritual Growth
Vishnu Sahasranamam, an ancient and revered Hindu devotional text, consists of a thousand names for Lord Vishnu, the Supreme Being. It is believed that by meditating on Lord Vishnu’s attributes, devotees can eradicate all obstructions in their lives and attain inner peace and spiritual growth.
The Bhakti Tradition: A Foundation for Devotion
At the heart of Vishnu Sahasranamam lies the Bhakti tradition, which emphasizes the importance of chanting the divine name (Nāma) as a means of connecting with the Divine. The Bhakti tradition encompasses two forms of devotion:
- Japa: The silent repetition of a single divine name or mantra.
- Stotra: A loud invocation involving the chanting of verses that convey the divine attributes and glory.
Among devotees, the Sahasranāma is considered the holiest and most popular form of Stotra.
The Essence of Vishnu Sahasranamam: A Thousand Names for the Divine
The Sahasranāma Stotra is a unique aspect of Hindu devotional practice, featuring a thousand names for a specific deity, each representing the deity’s attributes and qualities. While there are Sahasranāma Stotras dedicated to various deities, the Viṣṇu-sahasranāma is the most popular and widely chanted.
Origin and Significance
Viṣṇu-sahasranāma is part of the Śānti Parva in the Mahābhārata, the ancient Indian epic. It is believed to have been composed by Sanaka and transmitted to Bhīṣma, who recited it in the presence of Śrī Kṛṣṇa. The great Śrī Śaṅkarācārya further enhanced its importance by writing a commentary expounding the meanings of the various names.
A Universal Practice for All
Vishnu Sahasranamam is open to everyone, regardless of caste, creed, or gender, and can be chanted without any prescribed rituals. This accessibility makes it a powerful tool for personal and spiritual growth.
Embracing the Practice: How to Get Started with Vishnu Sahasranamam
If you’re ready to begin your journey with Vishnu Sahasranamam, follow these simple steps:
- Find a quiet space: Choose a calm and quiet environment where you can focus on your chanting without distractions.
- Set an intention: Before starting, set a clear intention for your practice, such as seeking inner peace, spiritual growth, or overcoming obstacles.
- Learn the text: Familiarize yourself with the Vishnu Sahasranamam text in the language you’re most comfortable with. You can find translations and transliterations in various languages online or in books.
- Chant regularly: Make a commitment to chant the Vishnu Sahasranamam daily or as often as you can. Consistency is key for deepening your connection with the divine.
- Meditate on the meanings: As you chant, contemplate the meanings of the various names and attributes of Lord Vishnu to enhance your spiritual understanding and connection.
MEDITATION ON VISṆU- VERSE 1
Meaning in English:
Om: The sacred syllable representing the Supreme Being Shuklaambaradharam: The one wearing a white garment
Vishnum: Lord Vishnu, the all-pervading one
Shashivarnam: He who has the color of the moon
Chaturbhujam: He who has four arms
Prasannavadanam: He who has a cheerful and serene countenance
Dhyaayet: One should meditate upon
Sarvavighnopashaantaye: For the removal and pacification of all obstacles
To eliminate all hindrances, I contemplate on Vishnu, adorned in a white garment, possessing the moon’s hue, having four arms, and displaying a calm and serene expression on His face.
MEDITATION ON VISṆU- VERSE 2
English meaning:
I bow to Lord Vishnu, the embodiment of peace, who reclines on the serpent, has a lotus navel, is the lord of the gods, supports the universe, is as vast as the sky, is dark like the clouds, has a beautiful form, is the consort of Goddess Lakshmi, has lotus-like eyes, can be realized by yogis through meditation, removes the fear of worldly existence, and is the sole lord of all worlds.
MEDITATION ON VISṆU- VERSE 3
English meaning:
I bow to Lord Vishnu with my head, who holds the conch and the discus, wears a crown and earrings, is adorned in yellow garments, has eyes like lotus petals, has the divine Kaustubha gem on his chest along with a garland, and possesses four arms.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 1
English meaning:
Having heard all the righteous and purifying teachings, Yudhishthira again addressed Bhishma, the son of Shantanu, and spoke further.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 2
English meaning:
What is the one supreme deity in the world? What is the one ultimate refuge? By praising and worshipping whom can humans attain auspiciousness and well-being?
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 3
English meaning:
What is considered the highest dharma among all dharmas? By reciting which, can living beings be liberated from the bondage of birth and the cycle of existence (saṁsāra)?
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 4
English meaning:
By continuously praising the lord of the universe, the god of gods, the infinite and supreme being (Puruṣottama), with a thousand names, a person remains ever steadfast.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 5
English meaning:
By constantly worshiping the imperishable Purusha (Lord Vishnu) with devotion, meditating, praising, and offering obeisances to Him, the worshiper attains His grace.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 6
English meaning:
By constantly praising Vishnu, who is without beginning or end, the Supreme Lord of all the worlds and the overseer of all realms, one transcends all sorrows and suffering.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 7
English meaning:
Vishnu is the protector of the cosmic order, the knower of all dharma, and the one who increases the fame of all worlds. He is the Lord of all realms, the great divine being, and the source of all living entities.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 8
English meaning:
This is considered the supreme dharma among all dharmas, that by devotion, one should always worship and praise the lotus-eyed Vishnu (Puṇḍarīkākṣa) with hymns and prayers.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 9
English meaning:
He who is the supreme light with immense radiance, He who is the supreme penance, He who is the supreme Brahman, and He who is the ultimate refuge.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 10
English meaning:
He who is the purest of the pure, the most auspicious among the auspicious, the God of all gods, and the eternal father of all beings.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 11
English meaning:
From whom all beings come into existence at the beginning of the cosmic cycle, and into whom they dissolve again at the end of the cosmic cycle.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 12
English meaning:
To that supreme Lord of the universe, the master of all worlds, O king, listen to the thousand names of Vishnu, which removes the fear of sins.
INTRODUCTORY VERSES – VERSE 13
English meaning:
I will now recite those secondary names of the great Lord, which are well-known and have been sung by the sages for the welfare of all beings.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 1
English meaning:
Om. Vishnu is the all-encompassing universe, He who removes all obstacles, the master of past, present, and future. He is the creator of all beings, the sustainer of life, the embodiment of existence, the inner self of all creatures, and the source of all creation.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 2
English meaning:
The pure and supreme soul, He is the ultimate goal for the liberated. He is imperishable, the primordial being, the witness of all, the knower of the field (body), and the indestructible one.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 3
English meaning:
He is Yoga, the leader of the knowers of Yoga, the foremost and the lord of all beings. He has the form of Narasimha, full of divine opulence, known as Keshava, and is the supreme amongst all beings.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 4
English meaning:
He is Sarva, Sharva, and Shiva, the immovable one, the foundation of all beings, and the inexhaustible treasure. He is the originator, the nurturer, the sustainer, the source of all, the lord, and the supreme controller.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 5
English meaning:
He is Svayambhu (self-manifested), Shambhu, Aditya, with lotus-like eyes, and possessing a great sound. He is without beginning or end, the creator, the ordainer, and the supreme substance.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 6
English meaning:
He is immeasurable, the Lord of the senses (Hrishikesha), with a lotus navel, the Lord of the immortals. He is the creator of the universe (Vishwakarma), the lawgiver (Manu), the divine architect (Tvastha), the greatest, the eternal, and the steadfast (Dhruva).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 7
English meaning:
He is ungraspable, eternal, Krishna (all-attractive), with reddish eyes, and the destroyer of enemies (Pratardana). He is the supreme shelter of the three worlds, the most sacred, and the ultimate source of auspiciousness.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 8
English meaning:
He is the supreme controller (Eeshanah), the giver of life (Praanadah), the life force (Praanah), the eldest and foremost (Jyeshtah), the most excellent (Shreshtah), and the lord of all creatures (Prajapati). He is Hiranyagarbha (the cosmic womb), the source of the earth (Bhoogarbho), the consort of Lakshmi (Madhavah), and the slayer of demon Madhu (Madhusudanah).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 9
English meaning:
He is the supreme Lord (Eeshwaro), valiant (Vikramee), skillful in wielding the bow (Dhanvee), full of wisdom (Medhaavee), possessing great strides (Vikramah), and the order of the universe (Kramah). He is unsurpassed (Anuttamo), invincible (Duraadharshah), grateful (Krutajnah), the source of all actions (Krutir), and self-sustained (Aatmavaan).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 10
English meaning:
He is the Lord of gods (Sureshah), the refuge (Sharanam), and the giver of happiness (Sharma). He is the source of all creation (Vishvaretaah) and the origin of all beings (Prajaabhavah). He is the day (Ahah), the year (Samvatsara), the eternal serpent (Vyaalah), the foundation (Pratyayah), and the all-seeing (Sarvadarshanah).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 11
English meaning:
He is unborn (Ajah), the supreme ruler (Sarveshvarah), perfect (Siddhah), the giver of accomplishments (Siddhih), the eternal foundation (Sarvaadir) and the infallible one (Achyutah). He is the lord of dharma (Vrishaakapi), immeasurable (Ameyaatmaa), and the source of all forms of spiritual practice (Sarvayoga-Vinishritah).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 12
English meaning:
He is the wealth and the essence of wealth (Vasur-Vasumanah), the embodiment of truth (Satyah), the equal-minded (Samaatmaa), well-proportioned (Sammitah), and equanimous (Samah). He is unfailing (Amoghah), with lotus-like eyes (Pundareekaakshah), the doer of righteous actions (Vrishakarmaa), and the creator of abundance (Vrishaakritih).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 13
English meaning:
He is the one who dispels sorrow (Rudro), with many heads (Bahushiraa), the one who supports the universe (Babhrur), the origin of the universe (Vishvayonih), and has pure fame (Shuchishravaah). He is immortal (Amritah), eternally fixed (Shaashvata-sthaanur), the ultimate ascender (Varaaroho), and possesses great spiritual energy (Mahaatapaah).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 14
English meaning:
He is omnipresent (Sarvagah), omniscient (Sarvavid), radiant like the sun (Bhaanur), the lord of the universe (Vishvakseno), and the sustainer of people (Janaardanah). He is the embodiment of the Vedas (Vedo), the knower of the Vedas (Vedavid), the one who has mastered the limbs of the Vedas (Avyango), proficient in the Vedas (Vedaango), well-versed in the Vedas (Vedavit), and the wise poet (Kavih).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 15
English meaning:
He is the overseer of the world (Lokādhyakṣa), the supreme ruler of the gods (Surādhyakṣa), and the enforcer of righteousness (Dharmādhyakṣa). He is both the doer and the non-doer (Kṛtākṛta). He has a fourfold nature (Caturātmā), manifests in four cosmic forms (Caturvyūha), has four fangs (Caturdaṁṣṭra), and possesses four arms (Caturbhuja).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 16
English meaning:
He is resplendent (Bhrājiṣṇu) and the enjoyer of offerings (Bhojanaṁ Bhoktā). He is forbearing (Sahiṣṇu) and the originator of the universe (Jagadādija). He is sinless (Anagho), victorious (Vijayo), and the conqueror (Jetā). He is the source of the universe (Viśvayoni) and the one who dwells repeatedly in various forms (Punarvasu).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 17
English meaning:
He is Upendra (the younger brother of Indra), Vamana (the dwarf incarnation), and tall (Prāṁśu). He is the one whose desires never go in vain (Amogha) and is pure (Śuci). He is superior to Indra (Atīndra), the one who unites (Saṁgraha), and the creator (Sarga). He has a steadfast soul (Dhr̥tātmā), is the lawgiver (Niyama), and the lord of death (Yama).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 18
English meaning:
He is the one who is to be known (Vedyo), the healer (Vaidya), and always in union with the supreme (Sadāyogī). He is the slayer of heroes (Vīrahā), Madhava (the consort of goddess Lakshmi), and the destroyer of the demon Madhu (Madhu). He is beyond the senses (Atīndriyo), the possessor of great illusions (Mahāmāyo), possesses immense enthusiasm (Mahotsāho), and is supremely powerful (Mahābala).
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 19
English meaning:
Mahabuddhi: Possessing great intelligence
Mahaveerya: Having great strength and courage
Mahashakti: Possessing great power and energy
Mahadyuti: Radiating great splendor and brilliance
Anirdeśya-vapuḥ: Having an indescribable form
Shriman: Possessing beauty and auspiciousness
Ameyātmā: Having an immeasurable soul
Mahādridhṛk: Possessing great steadfastness and determination
The verse describes several attributes of Lord Vishnu. He is said to possess great intelligence, strength, power, and radiance. His form is indescribable, and he is the supreme being who is beyond comprehension. He is also referred to as Madhava, which means the husband of the goddess of wealth, and Madhu, which means sweet or honey-like, indicating his nature as the source of all sweetness and joy. Additionally, he is described as the bearer of the universe and the one who sustains all of creation.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 20
English meaning:
The one with great bows, the supporter of the earth, the abode of Lakshmi, the refuge of the virtuous, the unstoppable one, the source of joy for the gods, the protector of cows, the Lord of senses, the Lord of the cowherds, and the Lord of all knowledge.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 21
English meaning:
The verse describes various names of Lord Vishnu. Marichi means “ray of light,” Damana means “subduer,” Hansa means “swan,” Suparna means “with beautiful wings,” Bhujagottama means “the highest among those who move on the ground,” Hiranyanabha means “with a golden navel,” Sutapa means “he who is worshipped with austerity,” Padmanabha means “with a lotus in his navel,” and Prajapati means “lord of all creatures.” These names signify the various divine qualities and characteristics of Lord Vishnu.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 22
English meaning:
The one who is the conqueror of death, the seer of all, the lion, the one who establishes, the stable one, the unborn, the destroyer of the evil, the ruler, and the one with a renowned soul who slays the enemies of the gods.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 23
English meaning:
The greatest teacher, the abode of all knowledge, the embodiment of truth and righteous courage, the one who blinks and doesn’t blink, the steadfast and immovable one, the one who follows the sacred syllable ‘Om’ – that is Vishnu.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 24
English meaning:
The meaning of this verse is that Vishnu is the leader of leaders, the most glorious, the one who establishes justice, the leader of the wind and the one who pervades the universe. He has thousands of heads, eyes, and feet.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 25
English meaning:
The verse describes various aspects of Lord Vishnu’s nature. It highlights that He is the one who causes the cycle of birth and death, but at the same time, He is also the one who liberates souls from that cycle. He is all-encompassing and all-pervading. He is the one who destroys ignorance and brings light to the world. He is the one who governs time and is present in all elements of nature such as fire, wind, and earth. The verse also portrays Lord Vishnu as the ultimate sustainer and supporter of the world.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 26
English meaning:
The one who is supremely gracious, who has a tranquil and serene nature, who supports and sustains the entire universe, who is omnipresent and all-pervading, who is the doer of good deeds and the recipient of good deeds, who is always kind and benevolent to the virtuous, and who is known as Jahnu and Narayana, that is the Ultimate Reality that pervades all beings.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 27
English meaning:
The one with innumerable and immeasurable souls, distinct and pure, the one who fulfills the wishes of the accomplished ones, is the ultimate goal of the accomplished ones, and the means to achieve perfection. He is known by many names, including Siddhartha, the one who has attained his objectives, and Siddhidah, the giver of perfection. He is also known as Siddhisadhana, the means of achieving perfection.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 28
English meaning:
Vishnu is known by many names and forms, including Vrishahi (one who takes the form of a bull), Vrishabha (one who is like a bull), and Vrishaparva (one who has a bull as his flag). He is also known as Vrishodara (one who has a broad chest like that of a bull) and Vardhana (one who gives growth and prosperity). He is the ocean of knowledge and wisdom and is always immersed in his divine glory.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 29
English meaning:
The one with strong and beautiful arms, who is invincible, has great speech, and is the great Indra and Vasu. He is one who appears in many forms, both large and small, and who shines forth with radiance.
VIṢṆU SAHASRA NAMA STOTRAM – VERSE 30
English meaning:
Ojastejo dyuti-dharah means the one who possesses vigor, strength, and a brilliant aura. Prakashaatmaa means the self-effulgent one, the one who shines by his own light. Prataapanah means the one who heats up, the one who generates energy. Riddhah means the one who is endowed with wealth, prosperity, and success. Spashhtaksharo means the one who has clear and distinct letters, which means the one whose mantras are clear and powerful. Mantra-chandraamshur means the one who has the moon and sun as his radiance, indicating that his brilliance is supreme. Bhaaskaradyutih means the one whose radiance is like that of the sun.